Sunday, December 24, 2006

Subtitles no longer a foreign concept


Subtitles no longer a foreign concept


Subtitles no longer a foreign concept
By Gregg Kilday
Dec 22, 2006
http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/features/columns/film_reporter/e3ifc91056537ab3920866cdfeb2feab9fc?imw=Y
Read a good movie lately? If you've been frequenting the local megaplex you probably have, since one of 2006's little-noticed trends has been the return of the subtitle.Historically, Hollywood has shunned subtitles. It assumed most moviegoers wouldn't sit still for dialogue that had to be translated onscreen; subtitles were left to foreign films with limited appeal to smaller, more upscale audiences. But then films like 2000's sumptuous martial arts movie "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" -- which grossed a whopping $128.1 million domestically -- proved that you could have your subtitles and a broad-based audience, too.This year has seen a proliferation of subtitled fare.

There are such traditional foreign-language features as Pedro Almodovar's "Volver" and Guillermo del Toro's "Pan's Labyrinth," both in Spanish. In the French-produced "The Science of Sleep," Gael Garcia Bernal, a rising international star, speaks French, Spanish and English. Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu's "Babel," produced by Paramount Vantage, features a polyglot cast speaking English, French, Spanish, Japanese, Berber, Arabic and, in the case of the deaf girl played by Rinko Kikuchi, Japanese sign language. One of the movie's themes is the cost of miscommunication in an increasingly global world, and it's through subtitles that audiences keep one step ahead of the often bewildered characters.

Subtitles are showing up in less traditional fare as well. The ambush comedy "Borat" opens with a title treatment, presumably in the Kazakhstan state language of Kazakh, that is explained by English subtitles. Waiting in line in a coffee shop, Sacha Baron Cohen's Borat argues with his portly producer Azamat (Ken Davitian) in some approximation of a foreign language, subtitled for the audience's amusement.Having dared to film an entire movie, "The Passion of the Christ," in ancient Aramaic, Mel Gibson uses a Mayan dialect in "Apocalypto," which still opened in first place at the boxoffice. The current action-cum-message movie "Blood Diamond" isn't afraid to mix in indigenous languages as it re-creates civil war in Sierra Leone. And in "Letters From Iwo Jima," Clint Eastwood films an entire war movie in Japanese.

Technological advances have made subtitles more palatable. As more theaters offer stadium seating, the old problem of the moviegoer in front of you blocking your view of the subtitles is eliminated. Filmmakers also are adopting an array of typefaces and colors that make subtitles easier to read; gone are the old days when shaky white lettering disappeared altogether whenever the color white dominated a scene.Ultimately, movies probably have to thank TV for domesticating the subtitle. "Lost" and "Heroes," two of the hottest series of the past few years, boast proudly multicultural casts, and both shows have featured extensive scenes in which their non-English-speaking characters converse in their native tongues. Similarly, the postapocalyptic drama "Jericho" features a deaf character, played by Shoshannah Stern, and when she argues with her brother Stan (Brad Beyer) in forceful American Sign Language, their dialogue is subtitled."Heroes" even has served up a twist on the traditional, bottom-of-the-screen placement of subtitles. When Japanese office workers Hiro and Ando are onscreen together, the show moves around the subtitles so they appear either below or beside the character who has just spoken.

Suddenly, subtitles don't look so foreign -- they're more like the dialogue bubbles in comic books. No wonder audiences don't seem to fear them anymore

Sunday, December 17, 2006

Multilingualism: ‘English is not enough’

Multilingualism: ‘English is not enough’


Varujan Vosganian

Multilingualism: ‘English is not enough’
http://www.cafebabel.com/en/article.asp?T=T&Id=9179
Dana Manescu - Paris - 11.12.2006
27 states, 23 languages; Leonard Orban, Romanian Commissioner-designate for multilingualism, is to head the new European tower of Babel in 2007

The grinding of teeth can be heard. Last October, the appointment of Leonard Orban, 45, Romania’s deputy chief negotiator with the EU since 2001, as the first Commissioner-designate for multilingualism, gave rise to some acerbic comments from observers. On December 12, MEPs give their final vote on this contested candidacy.
Mindblowing material
Compared to the new consumer protection portfolio, which has been entrusted to the future Bulgarian Commissioner Meglena Kouneva, the multilingualism portfolio ought to be a mere trifle, according to Alina Mungiu-Pippidi, political scientist in Bucharest. It is an act which demonstrates the lack of interest in incoming Romania. The Slovakian Jan Figel previously held this position, which has been denigrated as ‘council housing night watchman,’ ipse dixit columnist Ion Cristoiu. Even then, he wasn’t sole commissioner for it, and shared the post concurrently with education and culture. Figel will remain in charge of the latter two; Leonard Orban meanwhile takes on the white elephant.
Romanian journalist Rodica Culcer wasted no time in ironically reflecting on the connection between the weight of the multilingualism portfolio as a single post and Orban’s political calibre. Both hover around zero, she says.The leading Romanian opposition party, the Social Democrats (the centre-left PSD), has criticized Orban for his technocracy and lack of political personality. For the Social Democratic Party, the nomination is entirely strategic, as it will serve to balance out the political forces within the Commission, and avoid criticism.
Socialist MEPs are delighted that Orban has ‘the necessary European experience,’ whilst lamenting the fact that ‘Romania has not been able to put forward a higher-level political figure.’ It was a nomination made in haste; the Romanian government withdrew its previous nominee, the liberal economist Varujan Vosganian, following embarrassing accusations about his past. José Manuel Barroso, president of the Commission, is positive: ‘I am sure that Mr. Orban, through his experience, qualities and personal, political and professional commitment, will carry out the responsibilities that I would like to bestow upon him with complete success.’
ad hoc portfolio?
So what will the Romanian actually do? He is in control of three Directorate-Generals - the Directorate-General for Translation, the Directorate-General for Interpretation and the Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. A team of approximately 3400 civil servants will be under his leadership. The notion is almost romantic; by wanting to instil in Europeans a love of languages, Leonard Orban has already spoken in favour of the principal of ‘mother tongue + 2’ foreign languages. In a union of 27 states with 23 official languages, English is not enough.
In order to increase European citizens’ motivation to learn their neighbours’ languages, Orban also proposes Subtitling films. Language teachers will be better trained. Citizens, as well as businesses within the EU, must speak several languages.
Orban’s goal is simple – the wealth of languages and cultures will be at the heart of Europe’s political and economic unity. With the increase in the number of official languages, the tensions between administrative efficiency and the right of citizens to linguistic diversity are ever more apparent. At this time, the survival of European cultures, the democratisation of an enlarged European Union and even, perhaps, its competitiveness, depend on multilingualism.

Multilingualism: ‘English is not enough’